Cardiology is one of the most code-intensive specialties in medicine. In a single visit, the patient may get an ECG, and a stress echo. Both have their own CPT code, and documentation requirements.
This cardiology CPT code cheat sheet makes billing easier for you. It organizes the most commonly used cardiovascular procedure codes by clinical category. This helps you quickly identify the appropriate code, and avoid common coding errors.
What CPT Code Range Covers Cardiology Services?
Cardiology CPT codes primarily fall within the AMA range 92920–93799. It includes:
- Diagnostic
- Interventional
- Electrophysiology
- Device management services.
Evaluation and Management codes (99202–99215) apply separately for office visits.
The AMA defines cardiovascular services across two main CPT ranges.
- Noninvasive services: Use codes in the 93000s.
- ECG
- Echocardiogram
- Stress test
- Holter,
- Interventional procedures: Use codes beginning with 92920.
- Angioplasty
- Stent placement
- Cardiac catheterization
What Are the CPT Codes for ECG and Electrocardiography?
For ECG services, use 93000–93042. A complete ECG with interpretation and report will be coded 93000. The interpretation and report only code is 93010, if the technical component is charged separately.
| ECG CPT CODES | ||
| CPT Code | Description | Key Billing Note |
| 93000 | Routine ECG, 12+ leads, with interpretation and report | Global code: technical + professional combined |
| 93005 | ECG tracing only (no interpretation) | Technical component only, facility bills this |
| 93010 | ECG interpretation and report only | Professional component, physician bills when not performing tracing |
| 93040 | Rhythm ECG, 1–3 leads with interpretation | Used for arrhythmia monitoring, shorter study |
| 93041 | Rhythm ECG, 1–3 leads, tracing only | Technical component of rhythm ECG |
| 93042 | Rhythm ECG, 1–3 leads, interpretation only | Professional component of rhythm ECG |
What Are the CPT Codes for Echocardiography?
For echocardiography, use 93303-93352.
| ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY CPT CODES | ||
| CPT Code | Description | Key Billing Note |
| 93303 | Transthoracic echo, congenital anomalies, complete | Used for pediatric/congenital heart disease |
| 93304 | Transthoracic echo, congenital anomalies, limited/follow-up | Follow-up or limited congenital study |
| 93306 | Complete TTE with spectral and color flow Doppler | Most common adult echo code, global service |
| 93307 | TTE without Doppler flow analysis | Use when Doppler is not performed |
| 93308 | TTE, follow-up or limited study | Focused or repeat echo, not complete study |
| 93312 | TEE, probe placement and imaging | Transesophageal echo global code |
| 93315 | TEE, for congenital cardiac anomalies | Specific to congenital disease evaluation |
| 93318 | TEE, monitoring purposes only | Intraoperative monitoring; no diagnostic interpretation |
| 93350 | Stress echocardiography, complete | Exercise or pharmacologic stress with echo imaging |
| 93351 | Stress echocardiography, with contrast | Add contrast when endocardial border visualization inadequate |
The standard adult echo is code 93306. When M-mode or 2D imaging are used, but Doppler is not used, use 93307. Bill 93306 and 93308 for the same encounter, 93308 is a limited study.
The stress test is part of the stress echo codes 93350 and 93351. Do not additionally bill 93015, when stress echo is performed.
What Are the CPT Codes for Cardiac Stress Testing?
For stress testing, use 93015–93018. The complete stress test is Code 93015. Use When different providers provide different parts of the service, use:
- 93016
- 93017
- 93018
| CARDIAC STRESS TEST CPT CODES | ||
| CPT Code | Description | Key Billing Note |
| 93015 | Complete cardiovascular stress test, supervision, tracing, interpretation, and report | Global code, use when one provider does everything |
| 93016 | Supervision only (physician present, no tracing/report) | Component, physician supervises but tech performs tracing |
| 93017 | Tracing only (no supervision or report) | Technical component, facility or tech bills this |
| 93018 | Interpretation and report only | Professional component, physician reviews and reports only |
If the physician only reads and reports the tracing, use 93018. That would be an upcoding, which is an audit flag that would be billed as 93015.
Nuclear stress tests have different codes: 78451 (SPECT – single study) and 78452 (SPECT – multiple studies, at rest and stress). These are codes for nuclear medicine procedures, not codes for cardiovascular stress test procedures and should be billed separately.
What Are the CPT Codes for Holter and Cardiac Monitoring?
The Holter monitor procedure is the use of CPT codes 93224–93229. The complete 24-hour monitoring is covered under code 93224 including recording, scanning, interpretation and report. With code 93228, mobile cardiac telemetry up to 30 days is provided.
| HOLTER AND AMBULATORY MONITORING CPT CODES | ||
| CPT Code | Description | Key Billing Note |
| 93224 | Holter monitoring, up to 48 hours, complete (hookup, recording, scanning, interpretation) | Global code for complete 24–48 hour Holter service |
| 93225 | Recording only (hookup and recording) | Technical component, patient-worn recorder applied |
| 93226 | Scanning analysis with report | Computer analysis of rhythm strips |
| 93227 | Physician review and interpretation | Professional component only |
| 93228 | Mobile cardiac telemetry, up to 30 days, recording, analysis, and report | Real-time transmission monitoring |
| 93229 | Technical support for mobile cardiac telemetry | Technical component only for 93228 service |
These should not be coded separately as 93224 and 93227 for the same monitoring period. This code is global and has all components. Component splitting is only appropriate if there is a real distinction in the responsibilities of the various entities in performing and billing the various components.
What Are the CPT Codes for Cardiac Catheterization?
For cardiac catheterization, use 93451 – 93464. Right heart catheterization is performed with the use of 93451. 93452 is used for left heart catheterization. When combined right and left, it totals 93453. Vessel specific imaging is also provided by the codes for coronary angiography (93454-93461).
| CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION CPT CODES | ||
| CPT Code | Description | Key Billing Note |
| 93451 | Right heart catheterization (RHC) | Includes hemodynamic measurements |
| 93452 | Left heart catheterization (LHC) | Includes ventriculography when performed |
| 93453 | Combined right and left heart | Single code, do not bill 93451 + 93452 together |
| 93454 | Coronary angiography without LHC | Diagnostic imaging only; no catheterization component |
| 93455 | Coronary angiography + bypass graft imaging, without LHC | Includes bypass graft evaluation |
| 93456 | Coronary angiography with right heart cath | Includes hemodynamic RHC measurements |
| 93457 | Coronary angiography + bypass graft imaging + RHC | Comprehensive right-side + coronary imaging |
| 93458 | LHC + coronary angiography | Most common cath lab combination code |
| 93459 | LHC + coronary angiography + bypass graft imaging | Adds graft visualization to 93458 |
| 93460 | RHC + LHC + coronary angiography | Full combined study without bypass grafts |
| 93461 | RHC + LHC + coronary angiography + bypass graft imaging | Most comprehensive single cath code |
| 93462 | Left heart catheterization by transseptal puncture | Add-on to primary cath code, not standalone |
| 93463 | Pharmacologic agent injection during cath | Add-on code for vasodilator/provocative testing |
| 93464 | Physiologic exercise study during cath | Add-on for exercise hemodynamics during procedure |
Do not bill 93451 + 93452 for right and left heart catheterization. Use 93453. Billing them separately will be an NCCI bundle violation.
What Are the CPT Codes for Interventional Cardiology (PCI)?
The PVI codes begin with 92920. Code 92928 is for the placement of a stent, with or without angioplasty of the major coronary artery or branch. There is an add-on code for branch vessel stenting of 92929.
| INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY (PCI) CPT CODES | ||
| CPT Code | Description | Key Billing Note |
| 92920 | PTCA, single major vessel | Balloon dilation only; no stent placement |
| 92921 | PTCA – additional branch (add-on) | Add-on to 92920 for each additional branch treated |
| 92928 | PCI with stent placement, single major vessel | Covers stent with or without angioplasty |
| 92929 | PCI with stent, additional branch (add-on) | Add-on per additional branch stented |
| 92933 | PCI with atherectomy, single major vessel | Atherectomy with or without angioplasty/stent |
| 92934 | PCI with atherectomy, additional branch (add-on) | Add-on per additional branch |
| 92937 | PCI in native coronary artery for acute MI | Primary PCI, STEMI intervention code |
| 92941 | PCI in native artery for acute MI, additional vessel (add-on) | Multivessel STEMI intervention |
| 92943 | PCI in chronic total occlusion (CTO) | CTO-specific intervention code |
| 92944 | PCI in CTO – additional vessel (add-on) | Add-on for each additional CTO treated |
What Are the CPT Codes for Electrophysiology Studies?
Use 93600–93660 for electrophysiology studies.
| ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY (EP) CPT CODES | ||
| CPT Code | Description | Key Billing Note |
| 93600 | Bundle of His recording only | Standalone His bundle recording, rarely billed alone |
| 93602 | Intra-atrial recording | Atrial electrogram recording |
| 93603 | Right ventricular stimulation and pacing | RV pacing study component |
| 93619 | Comprehensive EP study, no induction of arrhythmia | Includes His bundle + atrial + RV recording and pacing |
| 93620 | Comprehensive EP study, with induction attempt | Adds arrhythmia induction protocol to 93619 |
| 93621 | Left atrial pacing and recording, add-on | Add-on to 93619 or 93620 when LA access obtained |
| 93622 | Left ventricular pacing and recording, add-on | Add-on for LV stimulation component |
| 93623 | Programmed stimulation after drug infusion, add-on | Repeat EP testing after antiarrhythmic drug administration |
| 93640 | EP evaluation of single or dual chamber pacing cardioverter-defibrillator | ICD testing, threshold determination |
| 93641 | EP evaluation of ICD + device testing (add-on) | Comprehensive ICD programming with testing |
| 93650 | AV node ablation | Catheter ablation to achieve complete heart block |
| 93653 | EP study + ablation for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) | Includes comprehensive EP study + ablation |
| 93654 | EP study + ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) | Includes mapping and ablation of VT |
| 93655 | Ablation of additional arrhythmia at same session (add-on) | Add-on for each additional arrhythmia mechanism ablated |
| 93656 | Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) | Primary AFib ablation code, includes EP study |
| 93657 | Additional linear or focal ablation for AFib (add-on) | Add-on for extra lesion sets beyond PVI |
What Are the CPT Codes for Pacemakers and ICDs?
Pacemaker and/or ICD codes are 33202-33249.
| PACEMAKER AND ICD IMPLANT CPT CODES | |
| CPT Code | Description |
| 33206 | Insert/replace pacemaker, atrial electrode only |
| 33207 | Insert/replace pacemaker, ventricular electrode only |
| 33208 | Insert/replace dual-chamber pacemaker (atrial + ventricular electrodes) |
| 33212 | Insert pacemaker pulse generator, single-chamber, existing lead(s) |
| 33213 | Insert dual-chamber pulse generator, existing leads |
| 33214 | Upgrade single-chamber to dual-chamber pacemaker system |
| 33221 | Insert dual-chamber pacemaker pulse generator, multiple existing leads |
| 33224 | Insert electrode for cardiac resynchronization therapy (LV lead) |
| 33225 | Insert LV electrode for CRT, add-on to ICD implant |
| 33240 | Insert ICD, single chamber |
| 33249 | Insert ICD, dual chamber |
| 33270 | Insert subcutaneous ICD (SICD) |
| 33274 | Transcatheter implant of leadless pacemaker, RV |
| 33275 | Transcatheter removal of leadless pacemaker, RV |
| REMOTE MONITORING AND DEVICE PROGRAMMING CPT CODES | |
| CPT Code | Description |
| 93279 | Programming pacemaker, single-chamber, in-person |
| 93280 | Programming pacemaker, dual-chamber, in-person |
| 93281 | Programming pacemaker, multiple lead system (CRT-P), in-person |
| 93288 | Interrogation pacemaker, single-chamber, in-person (no programming) |
| 93289 | Interrogation pacemaker, dual-chamber, in-person |
| 93291 | Remote interrogation pacemaker, single-chamber, 30 days |
| 93293 | Remote interrogation pacemaker, single-chamber, 90 days |
| 93294 | Remote interrogation pacemaker, dual/multi chamber, 90 days |
| 93295 | Remote interrogation ICD, dual/multi chamber, 90 days |
| 93296 | Remote technical support for device monitoring, 90 days (technical component) |
| 93297 | Remote monitoring pacemaker, CRT-P, 30-day data transmission |
| 93298 | Remote monitoring ICD, CRT-D, 30-day transmission |
What Cardiology Modifiers Are Most Commonly Used?
Modifiers for cardiology services include:
- 26 – professional component
- TC – technical component
- 59 – distinct procedural service
- 25 – separate E/M on the same day as procedure), and LT/RT
| CARDIOLOGY BILLING MODIFIERS | |
| Modifier | When to Use in Cardiology |
| 26 – Professional Component | Physician billed interpretation of echo or nuclear study performed by facility |
| TC – Technical Component | Facility bills for equipment and technician; no physician interpretation |
| 59 – Distinct Procedural Service | Separately reportable procedure not normally billed same day, must document distinctness |
| 25 – Separate E/M Service | Significant E/M performed same day as cardiology procedure; requires separate documentation |
| LT / RT- Left/Right | Side-specific for bilateral cardiac procedures, required when anatomic laterality matters |
| 32 – Mandated Service | Service ordered by third-party payer or government agency, rare but applicable |
| 52 – Reduced Services | Procedure partially performed; documentation must explain what was not completed |
| 76 – Repeat Procedure | Same procedure repeated by same physician, not a duplicate billing flag |
What Are the CPT Codes for Cardiac Rehabilitation?
Use 93797 and 93798 for cardiac rehab.
- 93797: One 30 minute supervised session, not monitored by ECG
- 93798: A 30-minute session of ECG monitoring.
| CARDIAC REHABILITATION CPT CODES | |
| CPT Code | Description |
| 93797 | Cardiac rehab, 30-minute session without ECG monitoring |
| 93798 | Cardiac rehab, 30-minute session with ECG monitoring |
| G0422 | Intensive cardiac rehab with exercise, 1 hour (Medicare) |
| G0423 | Intensive cardiac rehab with exercise, 1 hour (additional sessions) |
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